Section : Acné

Acné – 1995

Comparative efficacy of four Ayurvedic formulations in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical evaluation.
Paranjpe P, Kulkarni PH.
J Ethnopharmacol. 1995 Dec 15;49(3):127-32.

The aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of pustular acne lesions.
Brook I, Frazier EH, Cox ME, Yeager JK.
Anaerobe. 1995 Dec;1(6):305-7.

Systemic oral isotretinoin therapy and flow rate, pH, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity of stimulated saliva.
Oikarinen K, Salo T, Kylmäniemi M, Palatsi R, Karhunen T, Oikarinen A.
Acta Odontol Scand. 1995 Dec;53(6):369-71.

Pharmaceutical care for patients with skin diseases: a campaign year at Swedish pharmacies.
Hammarström B, Wessling A, Nilsson JL.
J Clin Pharm Ther. 1995 Dec;20(6):327-34.

The treatment of acne. Part III: antibacterials.
Kligman AM.
Cutis. 1995 Dec;56(6):315-6.

[Use of primary care services by adolescents and detection of health problems other than those for which they came].
Colino Nevot R, Fernández Barrero A, Picasso Martínez de Ubago A.
Aten Primaria. 1995 Dec;16(10):594-600. Spanish.

Acne vulgaris.
Black PA.
Prof Nurse. 1995 Dec;11(3):181-3.

Minocycline vs tetracycline.
Shubin JA.
J Fam Pract. 1995 Dec;41(6):538.

Laser resurfacing in pigmented skin.
Ho C, Nguyen Q, Lowe NJ, Griffin ME, Lask G.
Dermatol Surg. 1995 Dec;21(12):1035-7.

Macular atrophic lesions in acne vulgaris.
Sharma AK.
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 1995 Nov-Dec;61(6):378-9.

Gymnasium acne.
Collins P, Cotterill JA.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 1995 Nov;20(6):509.

Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with acne conglobata.
Velez A, Alcala J, Fernandez-Roldan JC.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 1995 Nov;20(6):496-8.

Steroid acne sparing an area of previous irradiation.
Nasca MR, Micali G, Ferraù F.
Acta Derm Venereol. 1995 Nov;75(6):495.

SAPHO syndrome: a new pulmonary manifestation?
Vaile JH, Langlands DR, Prichard MG.
J Rheumatol. 1995 Nov;22(11):2190-1.

SAPHO syndrome: a followup study of 19 cases with special emphasis on enthesis involvement.
Maugars Y, Berthelot JM, Ducloux JM, Prost A.
J Rheumatol. 1995 Nov;22(11):2135-41.

Why the « SAPHO » syndrome?
Kahn MF.
J Rheumatol. 1995 Nov;22(11):2017-9. Review.

Depression associated with isotretinoin therapy.
Byrne A, Hnatko G.
Can J Psychiatry. 1995 Nov;40(9):567.

Acne vulgaris: tricks and treatments. Part II: The benzoyl peroxide saga.
Kligman AM.
Cutis. 1995 Nov;56(5):260-1.

Crops of ‘pimples’: has her acne returned at age 64?
Levine N.
Geriatrics. 1995 Nov;50(11):48.

Massive edema of the ovary associated with androgenic manifestations.
Siller BS, Gelder MS, Alvarez RD, Partridge EE.
South Med J. 1995 Nov;88(11):1153-5. Review.

[Pharmacologic treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome].
Maciejewska M.
Ginekol Pol. 1995 Oct;66(10):569-77. Polish.

13-cis-retinoic acid and bone density.
Kocijancic M.
Int J Dermatol. 1995 Oct;34(10):733-4.

Infantile acne associated with a high plasma testosterone level in a 21-month-old boy.
Tabata N, Terui T, Watanabe M, Tagami H.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Oct;33(4):676-8.

Isotretinoin-induced pemphigus.
Georgala S, Rigopoulos D, Gourgiotou K, Christofidou E.
Acta Derm Venereol. 1995 Sep;75(5):413.

Acne vulgaris: tricks and treatments. Part I.
Kligman AM.
Cutis. 1995 Sep;56(3):141-3.

Flutamide in the treatment of hirsutism: long-term clinical effects, endocrine changes, and androgen receptor behavior.
Moghetti P, Castello R, Negri C, Tosi F, Magnani CM, Fontanarosa MC, Armanini D, Muggeo M.
Fertil Steril. 1995 Sep;64(3):511-7.

Raised serum 11-deoxycortisol in men with persistent acne vulgaris.
Ramsay B, Alaghband-Zadeh J, Carter G, Wheeler MJ, Cream JJ.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1995 Sep;43(3):305-10.

SAPHO syndrome.
Cotten A, Flipo RM, Mentre A, Delaporte E, Duquesnoy B, Chastanet P.
Radiographics. 1995 Sep;15(5):1147-54.

Topical antibacterial agents.
Kaye ET, Kaye KM.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1995 Sep;9(3):547-59. Review.

[Functional adrenal hyperandrogenism: changing perspectives during its historical evolution].
Devoto E, Aravena L.
Rev Med Chil. 1995 Aug;123(8):1016-24. Spanish.

Ocular side effects associated with 13-cis-retinoic acid therapy for acne vulgaris: clinical features, alterations of tearfilm and conjunctival flora.
Egger SF, Huber-Spitzy V, Böhler K, Raff M, Scholda C, Barisani T, Vecsei VP.
Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1995 Aug;73(4):355-7.

Allergic contact dermatitis from retinoic acid.
Serup J.
Contact Dermatitis. 1995 Aug;33(2):142.

How to use topical tretinoin in treating acne.
Kligman AM.
Cutis. 1995 Aug;56(2):83-4.

Benzamycin gel for acne.
[No authors listed]
Drug Ther Bull. 1995 Aug;33(8):62-4. Review.

Common dermatoses.
Nanda VS.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Aug;173(2):488-95.

Minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation.
Hung PH, Caldwell JB, James WD.
J Fam Pract. 1995 Aug;41(2):183-5.

Inflammation in acne vulgaris.
Webster GF.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Aug;33(2 Pt 1):247-53. Review.

Clinical, ultrasound and hormonal markers of androgenicity in acne vulgaris.
Walton S, Cunliffe WJ, Keczkes K, Early AS, McGarrigle HH, Katz M, Reese RA.
Br J Dermatol. 1995 Aug;133(2):249-53.

In situ hybridization analysis of CRABP II expression in sebaceous follicles from 13-cis retinoic acid-treated acne patients.
Sitzmann JH, Bauer FW, Cunliffe WJ, Holland DB, Lemotte PK.
Br J Dermatol. 1995 Aug;133(2):241-8.

Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by a soluble factor of Propionibacterium acnes: implications for chronic inflammatory acne.
Vowels BR, Yang S, Leyden JJ.
Infect Immun. 1995 Aug;63(8):3158-65.

Prevalence of acne vulgaris in Auckland senior high school students.
Lello J, Pearl A, Arroll B, Yallop J, Birchall NM.
N Z Med J. 1995 Jul 28;108(1004):287-9.

Raised serum androgens and increased responsiveness to luteinizing hormone in men with acne vulgaris.
Ramsay B, Alaghband-Zadeh J, Carter G, Wheeler MJ, Cream JJ.
Acta Derm Venereol. 1995 Jul;75(4):293-6.

Treatment of acne.
O’Loughlin S.
Ir Med J. 1995 Jul-Aug;88(4):114-5. Review.

The influence of isotretinoin upon fibrinolysis in patients with acne.
Dootson GM, Keidan J, Harper PL.
Br J Dermatol. 1995 Jul;133(1):66-70.

[Acne vulgaris in adolescence].
Cabero Pérez MJ, Ibarra Corbillón A, Saro Gutiérrez G, Alvarez Granda L.
Aten Primaria. 1995 Jul-Aug;16(3):159-63. Spanish.

Androgen status in adolescent women with acne vulgaris.
Aizawa H, Nakada Y, Niimura M.
J Dermatol. 1995 Jul;22(7):530-2.

Gynaecomastia in association with minocycline.
Davies JP, Price-Thomas JM.
Br J Clin Pract. 1995 Jul-Aug;49(4):179.

Minocycline and pulmonary eosinophilia.
Dykhuizen RS, Zaidi AM, Godden DJ, Jegarajah S, Legge JS.
BMJ. 1995 Jun 10;310(6993):1520-1. Review.

Aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion. A new technique for treating facial scarring.
Tsai RY, Wang CN, Chan HL.
Dermatol Surg. 1995 Jun;21(6):539-42.

Topical nicotinamide compared with clindamycin gel in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris.
Shalita AR, Smith JG, Parish LC, Sofman MS, Chalker DK.
Int J Dermatol. 1995 Jun;34(6):434-7.

Dermatologic diseases and problems of women throughout the life cycle.
Brenner S, Politi Y.
Int J Dermatol. 1995 Jun;34(6):369-79. Review.

[Draining sinus in acne and rosacea. A clinical, histopathologic and experimental study].
Jansen T, Lindner A, Plewig G.
Hautarzt. 1995 Jun;46(6):417-20. Review. German.

Lupus-like syndrome in patients treated for acne.
Gendi NS, Bowman SJ, Mowat AG.
Br J Rheumatol. 1995 Jun;34(6):584-5.

The retinoids, Part II.
Long K, Long R.
Nurse Pract Forum. 1995 Jun;6(2):60-1.

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with minocycline therapy: a possible cause.
Piperno D, Donné C, Loire R, Cordier JF.
Eur Respir J. 1995 Jun;8(6):1018-20.

[A survey on the treatment of acne].
Huang ZM.
Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1995 Jun;15(6):379-81. Review. Chinese.

Pantothenic acid deficiency as the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.
Leung LH.
Med Hypotheses. 1995 Jun;44(6):490-2.

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in a hospital setting.
Rademaker M, Oakley A, Duffill MB.
N Z Med J. 1995 May 10;108(999):165-6.

Black tongue associated with minocycline therapy.
Katz J, Barak S, Shemer J, Langevitz P, Livneh A.
Arch Dermatol. 1995 May;131(5):620.

The many faces of acne.
Kaminer MS, Gilchrest BA.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 May;32(5 Pt 3):S6-14. Review.

The evaluation and management of acne: economic considerations.
Bergfeld WF.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 May;32(5 Pt 3):S52-6. Review.

Treatment of acne in the fee-for-service and managed care settings.
Wirtzer AS.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 May;32(5 Pt 3):S49-51.

Patient compliance: enhancing clinician abilities and strategies.
Draelos ZK.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 May;32(5 Pt 3):S42-8. Review.

The treatment of acne: the role of combination therapies.
Berson DS, Shalita AR.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 May;32(5 Pt 3):S31-41. Review.

The psychosocial impact of acne: patients’ perceptions.
Koo J.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 May;32(5 Pt 3):S26-30. Review.

Acne: acute or chronic disease?
Thiboutot DM, Lookingbill DP.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 May;32(5 Pt 3):S2-5. Review.

New understandings of the pathogenesis of acne.
Leyden JJ.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 May;32(5 Pt 3):S15-25. Review.

Isotretinoin causing acute aseptic arthropathy.
Bewley AP, Rankin EC, Levell NJ, Robinson TW.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 1995 May;20(3):279.

Fetal tissue dosages of retinoids. Experimental study concerning a case of isotretinoin (Roaccutan) administration and pregnancy.
Benifla JL, Ville Y, Imbert MC, Frydman R, Thomas A, Pons JC.
Fetal Diagn Ther. 1995 May-Jun;10(3):189-91.

Systemic lupus erythematosus in patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant acne.
Motel PJ, Bernstein EF, Fazio M, Humeniuk H, Kauh YC.
Int J Dermatol. 1995 May;34(5):338-40.

Acne resistance to antibiotics.
Adams JD.
N Z Med J. 1995 Apr 26;108(998):156.

Psychotherapy for intractable inflammatory dermatoses.
Koblenzer CS.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Apr;32(4):609-12.

Multicenter trial of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg ethinylestradiol and either desogestrel or gestodene in Thai women.
Koetsawang S, Charoenvisal C, Banharnsupawat L, Singhakovin S, Kaewsuk O, Punnahitanont S.
Contraception. 1995 Apr;51(4):225-9.

[The SAPHO syndrome or psoriatic arthritis: a complicated differential diagnosis. Apropos 3 cases].
Sanjuán Portugal F, Manero Ruiz FJ, Figueras Villalba P, Martínez Alvarez R.
Rev Clin Esp. 1995 Apr;195(4):233-6. Review. Spanish.

Common facial skin disorders.
Murtagh J, Lauritz B.
Aust Fam Physician. 1995 Apr;24(4):644.

[Skin changes in endocrine disorders (with the exception of diabetes)].
Ketterer R, Frenk E.
Ther Umsch. 1995 Apr;52(4):269-74. Review. German.

Effect of oral isotretinoin treatment on skin androgen receptor levels in male acneic patients.
Boudou P, Soliman H, Chivot M, Villette JM, Vexiau P, Belanger A, Fiet J.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Apr;80(4):1158-61.

Oral presentation of minocycline-induced black bone disease.
Odell EW, Hodgson RP, Haskell R.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995 Apr;79(4):459-61.

Elevated serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in women with postadolescent acne.
Aizawa H, Niimura M.
J Dermatol. 1995 Apr;22(4):249-52.

Effects of topically applied spironolactone on androgen stimulated sebaceous glands in the hamster pinna.
Seki T, Toyomoto T, Morohashi M.
J Dermatol. 1995 Apr;22(4):233-7.

Dermabrasion.
Orentreich N, Orentreich DS.
Dermatol Clin. 1995 Apr;13(2):313-27. Review.

The Jessner’s-trichloroacetic acid peel. An enhanced medium-depth chemical peel.
Monheit GD.
Dermatol Clin. 1995 Apr;13(2):277-83. Review.

Common skin problems of infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
O’Brien JM.
Prim Care. 1995 Mar;22(1):99-115. Review.

The retinoids, Part I.
Long K, Long R.
Nurse Pract Forum. 1995 Mar;6(1):6-7.

[Peroral vaccine therapy in dermatology].
Koukalová D, Viktorinová M.
Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 1995 Mar;44(1):36-43. Czech.

[Immunomodulating and therapeutic effects of the STAVA inj. preparation in acne vulgaris].
Jautová J, Jarcusková D, Ficová M, Dubivská M.
Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 1995 Mar;44(1):29-32. Slovak.

Pseudotumor cerebri after treatment with tetracycline and isotretinoin for acne.
Lee AG.
Cutis. 1995 Mar;55(3):165-8. Review.

The influence of the regular use of a soap or an acidic syndet bar on pre-acne.
Korting HC, Ponce-Pöschl E, Klövekorn W, Schmötzer G, Arens-Corell M, Braun-Falco O.
Infection. 1995 Mar-Apr;23(2):89-93.

[Current status of the SAPHO syndrome].
Kahn MF.
Presse Med. 1995 Feb 18;24(7):338-40. French.

Propionibacterium: resistance of acne to antibiotics.
Oakley A, Rademaker M, Duffill M, Leng R, Shewan J.
N Z Med J. 1995 Feb 8;108(993):43-4.

Tetracycline phototoxicity.
Smith EL, al Raddadi A, al Ghamdi F, Kutbi S.
Br J Dermatol. 1995 Feb;132(2):316-7.

The short-term treatment of acne vulgaris with benzoyl peroxide: effects on the surface and follicular cutaneous microflora.
Bojar RA, Cunliffe WJ, Holland KT.
Br J Dermatol. 1995 Feb;132(2):204-8.

A case study of dermatitis based on a collaborative approach between occupational physicians and industrial hygienists.
Percival L, Tucker SB, Lamm SH, Key MM, Wilds B, Grumski KS.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1995 Feb;56(2):184-8.

Lithium therapy associated with hidradenitis suppurativa: case report and a review of the dermatologic side effects of lithium.
Gupta AK, Knowles SR, Gupta MA, Jaunkalns R, Shear NH.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Feb;32(2 Pt 2):382-6. Review.

Prepubertal acne: a cutaneous marker of androgen excess?
De Raeve L, De Schepper J, Smitz J.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Feb;32(2 Pt 1):181-4.

Benzoyl peroxide: an integrated human safety assessment for carcinogenicity.
Kraus AL, Munro IC, Orr JC, Binder RL, LeBoeuf RA, Williams GM.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1995 Feb;21(1):87-107. Review.

Probable chloracne with the use of a cow udder ointment.
O’Brien TJ.
Australas J Dermatol. 1995 Feb;36(1):48.

A comparative study of isolutrol versus benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of acne.
Dunlop KJ, Barnetson RS.
Australas J Dermatol. 1995 Feb;36(1):13-5.

Azelaic acid: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and its therapeutic role in hyperpigmentary disorders and acne.
Nguyen QH, Bui TP.
Int J Dermatol. 1995 Feb;34(2):75-84. Review.

Prescribing oral contraceptives.
Weisberg E.
Drugs. 1995 Feb;49(2):224-31. Review.

[Isotretinoin administration in treatment of acne vulgaris. A prospective study of the kind and extent of ocular complications].
Egger SF, Huber-Spitzy V, Böhler K, Scholda C.
Ophthalmologe. 1995 Feb;92(1):17-20. German.

Lingual hyperpigmentation associated with minocycline therapy.
Meyerson MA, Cohen PR, Hymes SR.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995 Feb;79(2):180-4.

[Use of the pill by adolescents for contraception or as therapy].
van Hooff MH, Hirasing RA, Kaptein M, Koppenaal C, Voorhorst FJ, Schoemaker J.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1995 Jan 28;139(4):178-82. Dutch.

Hormonal correlates of acne and hirsutism.
Lucky AW.
Am J Med. 1995 Jan 16;98(1A):89S-94S. Review.

Androgenic disorders of women: diagnostic and therapeutic decision making.
Redmond GP.
Am J Med. 1995 Jan 16;98(1A):120S-129S. Review.

A double-blind controlled evaluation of the sebosuppressive activity of topical erythromycin-zinc complex.
Piérard-Franchimont C, Goffin V, Visser JN, Jacoby H, Piérard GE.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;49(1-2):57-60.

Optimization of topical erythromycin formulations by ion pairing.
Matschiner S, Neubert R, Wohlrab W.
Skin Pharmacol. 1995;8(6):319-25.

[Lung disease induced by isotretinoin].
Oliviero G, Constans P, Caby I, De Rohan Chabot P, Lacherade JC.
Rev Mal Respir. 1995;12(6):631-3. French.

Retinoids and sebaceous gland activity.
Geiger JM.
Dermatology. 1995;191(4):305-10. Review.

Antimicrobial evaluation of nadifloxacin (OPC-7251), a new topical quinolone, in acne vulgaris.
Vogt K, Hahn H, Hermann J, Haustein UF, Blume U, Gollnick H, Orfanos CE.
Drugs. 1995;49 Suppl 2:266-8.

Direct analysis of resistance in the cutaneous microflora during treatment of acne vulgaris with topical 1% nadifloxacin and 2% erythromycin.
Bojar RA, Hittel N, Cunliffe WJ, Holland KT.
Drugs. 1995;49 Suppl 2:164-7.

The correlation of Kampo formulations and their ingredients on anti-bacterial activities against Propionibacterium acnes.
Higaki S, Hasegawa Y, Morohashi M, Takayoshi Y.
J Dermatol. 1995 Jan;22(1):4-9.

New treatment of atrophic acne scars by iontophoresis with estriol and tretinoin.
Schmidt JB, Binder M, Macheiner W, Bieglmayer C.
Int J Dermatol. 1995 Jan;34(1):53-7.

SAPHO syndrome.
Kahn MF.
Dermatology. 1995;190(1):85.

Confusion after topical use of resorcinol.
Bontemps H, Mallaret M, Besson G, Bochaton H, Carpentier F.
Arch Dermatol. 1995 Jan;131(1):112.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension associated with tetracycline use in fraternal twins: case reports and review.
Gardner K, Cox T, Digre KB.
Neurology. 1995 Jan;45(1):6-10. Review.

Investigating the cause of hirsutism and acne in women.
Lobo RA.
Clin Chem. 1995 Jan;41(1):12-3.

Effect of nadifloxacin on neutrophil functions.
Akamatsu H, Sasaki H, Kurokawa I, Nishijima S, Asada Y, Niwa Y.
J Int Med Res. 1995 Jan-Feb;23(1):19-26.

Impaired water barrier function in acne vulgaris.
Yamamoto A, Takenouchi K, Ito M.
Arch Dermatol Res. 1995;287(2):214-8.

Isotretinoin and skin fragility.
Holmes SC, Thomson J.
Br J Dermatol. 1995 Jan;132(1):165.

Severe halogen acne due to a trifluoromethylpyrazole derivative and its resistance to isotretinoin.
Scerri L, Zaki I, Millard LG.
Br J Dermatol. 1995 Jan;132(1):144-8.

Apert’s syndrome and androgen receptor staining of the basal cells of sebaceous glands.
Henderson CA, Knaggs H, Clark A, Highet AS, Cunliffe WJ.
Br J Dermatol. 1995 Jan;132(1):139-43.

Minocycline-associated lupus erythematosus.
Gordon PM, White MI, Herriot R, Martin JC, Reid DM.
Br J Dermatol. 1995 Jan;132(1):120-1.

Increased chemiluminescence of whole blood and normal T-lymphocyte subsets in severe nodular acne and acne fulminans.
Karvonen SL, Räsänen L, Soppi E, Hyöty H, Lehtinen M, Reunala T.
Acta Derm Venereol. 1995 Jan;75(1):1-5.

Digital image analysis of microcomedones.
Piérard GE, Piérard-Franchimont C, Goffin V.
Dermatology. 1995;190(2):99-103.

Allergic contact dermatitis from retinoic acid.
Balato N, Patruno C, Lembo G, Cuccurullo FM, Ayala F.
Contact Dermatitis. 1995 Jan;32(1):51.

Minocycline induced pulmonary eosinophilia.
Dykhuizen RS, Legge JS.
Respir Med. 1995 Jan;89(1):61-2.

Abnormal night vision with isotretinoin therapy for acne.
Maclean H, Wright M, Choi D, Tidman MJ.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 1995 Jan;20(1):86.

[Systemic treatment of acne. Indications and problems].
[No authors listed]
Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1995;122(1-2):30-6. French.

Current indications for isotretinoin as a treatment for acne vulgaris.
Goulden V, Layton AM, Cunliffe WJ.
Dermatology. 1995;190(4):284-7.

Antibiotic resistance in acne patients under antibiotic treatment in comparison to an untreated control group with retrospective assessment of therapy.
Forssman T.
Curr Probl Dermatol. 1995;22:91-7.

Experience in the long-term treatment of patients with hirsutism and/or acne with cyproterone acetate-containing preparations: efficacy, metabolic and endocrine effects.
van Wayjen RG, van den Ende A.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1995;103(4):241-51.


Category : Acné - Modifie le 12.24.2010Category : acne vulgaris - Modifie le 12.24.2010