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Melasma (Chloasma, Pregnancy Mask): Why is it so difficult to treat ?
Sunday, May 13th, 2012One of the reasons to this therapeutical frustration is due to the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of melasma (chloasma, pregnancy mask). Although triggering factors (ultraviolet light, pregnancy, oral contraceptives) and immunohistochemical properties of melasma are well known, molecular and genetic mechanisms which are involved a poorly understood. Scientific Consensus says the following about […]
Migration of Melanocytes during Melanogenesis
Sunday, May 13th, 2012Melanocytes originate from the neural crest. During early embryogenesis, melanocyte precursors migrate from the neural crest to the epidermis in a dorsolateral fashion. This migration is also done to the internal ear. This migration pathway and the maturation of the melanoblasts are regulated by a variety of factors, which included tyrosinase receptors such as c-kit. […]
Vemurafenib in the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma
Tuesday, May 1st, 2012Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, Haanen JB, Ascierto P, Larkin J, Dummer R, Garbe C, Testori A, Maio M, Hogg D, Lorigan P, Lebbe C, Jouary T, Schadendorf D, Ribas A, O’Day SJ, Sosman JA, Kirkwood JM, Eggermont AM, Dreno B, Nolop K, Li […]
Confocal Microscopy
Thursday, April 19th, 2012Known in full as Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM). At time of publication it is still in development phase but it shows promising results How does it work ? It consists of the measurement of a reflection from a laser (monochromatic light) which reaches the dermis (Vivascope is a device brand). When can it be used […]
Differences in Acne Vulgaris in Females Between Teenagers and Adults
Sunday, April 1st, 2012Differences in Acne Vulgaris Between Teenagers and Adults The clinical features of late onset acne compared with early onset acne in women. Choi CW, Lee DH, Kim HS, Kim BY, Park KC, Youn SW. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011. Apr;25(4):454-61. Often, physicians are confronted with females with no onset of acne who present with […]
Morphea (Localized Scleroderma) (For Professionals)
Wednesday, March 28th, 2012Dr Christophe HSU – dermatologist. Geneva, Switzerland Morphea is a disorder which is characterized by thickened skin lesions. This disorder results when there is excessive collagen deposition in the deeper part of the skin called the dermis and the fatty subcutaneous tissues of the skin. This skin disorder if often classified as generalized, plaque, or […]
Kojic acid
Wednesday, March 21st, 2012Kojic acid It is a fungal metabolite which inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase. It binds to copper which becomes unusable by melanocytes. It is used at a concentration of 1% Its therapeutical effets are weak to moderate. Contributors: Dr Christophe HSU – dermatologist. Geneva, Switzerland Bibliography: Katsambas A. Melasma: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 70th Annual Meeting of […]
Hydroquinone (HQ)
Wednesday, March 21st, 2012Hydroquinone (HQ) Mechanism of action: hydroquinone inhibits activated tyrosinase activity (therefore it does not act on normal skin). A word on available concentrations: 2%: often ineffective 3-5%: good bleaching agent 6-10%: higher concentrations can cause irritation Side effects: Contact dermatitis (Both Allergic and Irritant) Nail Discoloration Exogenous Ochrnosis can rarely occur in dark skin individuals […]
Treatment of Melasma (Chloasma) (Pregnancy Mask)
Wednesday, March 21st, 2012Treatment of Melasma (Chloasma) (Pregnancy Mask) Available treatments can be classified into the following: Phenolic: Hydroquinone (HQ), Kojic acid, N-acetylglycosamine (inhibits the glycolization of tyrosinase) Non Phenolic: Azelaic Acid, Retinoids, N-acetylcysteine Compound: Kligman’s formula… Contributors: Dr Christophe HSU – dermatologist. Geneva, Switzerland Bibliography: Katsambas A. Melasma: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 70e Réunion annuelle de l’AAD (American […]
Recognizing melasma (chloasma, pregnancy mask)
Wednesday, March 21st, 2012Recognizing melasma Melasma can be epidermal, dermal or mixed However, Wood’s light does no reliably define the depth of pigment Reflectance confocal microscopy is a more definitve method of doing so. Clinical Assesment of melasma is done through MASI (Melasma Area Severity Index) Melasma (Chloasma) (Pregnancy Mask): Differential Diagnosis: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) Drug-induced (minocycline…) Frictional […]
